SICULO-PUNIC. Sicily. Ca. 350-315 BC. AR tetradrachm (25mm, 16.93 gm, 7h). NGC Choice XF 4/5 - 5/5. Entella. Head of Tanit-Arethusa-Persephone right, wreathed with barley, wearing triple pendant earring and necklace; thymiaterion before / Horse standing right, right foreleg raised; Nike left above caduceus before, placing wreath on horse's head, HB (Punic) below, palm tree with two bunches of dates in background. Jenkins, SNR 56, 96. Gulbenkian 367. Jameson 910. HGC 2, 273. Ex Dionysus Collection (New York Sale XLII, 9 January 2018), lot 20; Gemini III (9 January 2007), lot 80 The location of the main Carthaginian mint in Sicily identified by Punic inscription as "The Camp" has long been a matter of conjecture and dispute. Recent research, adopted by Oliver Hoover in his Handbook of Coins of Sicily (CNG 2012), suggests the "Camp" mint to have been Entella, a fortress-like city located in central-west Sicily. Founded by the Trojans in the 500s BC, Entella was conquered by a group of Campanian mercenaries in about 410 BC who quickly sold their services to the Carthaginians (alternatively, the Campanians might have been employed by Carthage before they took the city). The city remained a Punic stronghold through most of the fourth century, although the Syracusan tyrant Timoleon briefly drove them out circa 342 BC (a peace treaty dividing Sicily into Greek and Carthaginian spheres of interest in 338 BC returned Entella to Punic control). The Siculo-Punic coinage of Entella seems to have been intended mainly to pay mercenary soldiers who were used to being paid in Greek coin, as the silver tetradrachms adhere closely to the Attic weight standard. Designs were usually based on the ubiquitous issues of Syracuse (obverse), but with reverses displaying their Carthaginian allegiance (the palm tree, phonix in Greek, is likely a canting pun on the term Phoenician). Horses also feature prominently, likely referring to the outstanding cavalry of the Carthaginians and their Campanian allies.

HID09801242017

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